AFTER HAJ
THE personality that should emerge after performing Haj is one in which a two-fold activity is set in motion, one form being external; and the other, internal.
‘External activity’ here refers to the dawah work which a person undertakes after having seen the places where Prophet Abraham, Ismael and Prophet Muhammad with his companions spent much of their lives or in this divine task. Until then, the pilgrim had just heard about these places, but when he physically goes to those places, he receives a great inspiration to continue this prophetic mission.
Haj removes one completely from one’s worldly environment so that one can completely concentrate on God.
‘Internal activity’ here means a heightened sensitivity and awareness towards piety, self-control, the avoidance of violence and aggression and the need to lead life devoted to God, instead of one devoted to selfglorifi cation. In other words, during and after Haj, the haji undergoes a continuous process of de-conditioning.
Lesson of Piety
In a verse about Haj, the Quran says:
The pilgrimage is in the appointed months. Whoever intends
to perform it during them must abstain from indecent speech,
from all wicked conduct, and from quarrelling while on the
pilgrimage. Whatever good you may do, God is aware
of it. Make provision for yourselves — but surely,
the best of all provision is God-consciousness.
Always be mindful of Me, you that are
endowed with understanding.
THE QURAN 2: 197
Haj, for the Arabs, was an ethnic festival, not an expression of the worship of the one God. In pre-Islamic times, Haj was associated with all sorts of practices that are characteristic of tribal or ethnic festivals.
Islam put an end to these. In this context, the Quran, as the aboveverse tells us, forbade things like indecent speech, wicked conduct and quarrelling during Haj, things that are forbidden even in ordinary circumstances but which are to be avoided with particular care during Haj. One major reason for this is that because when an occasion demands travel and a large number of people coming together, the chances of such misbehaviour are greater. If a person is not fully conscious of such matters, it is possible that he may indulge in such activities, willingly or unwillingly. Since Haj involves travel and a large gathering, such misbehaviour is clearly and explicitly forbidden as these things destroy piety.
A true believer is one whose life is driven not by lust, but, rather, by a higher purpose. He takes every care not to disobey God in any of his dealings. He abstains from confl ict with others. This is how a true believer should always behave, but during Haj when a person exemplifi es these traits, he shows himself to be a true haji. If he has really imbibed these values of piety that he should possess during Haj, he will desist from the sort of misdemeanour that above-quoted verse of the Quran refers to.
Additional Precautions
Things that are forbidden during Haj are also forbidden at other times,
too. They are to be particularly abstained from, during Haj, but they
must be avoided at other times as well. By stressing that we should be
particularly careful about avoiding them during Haj, it is so that we are
more conscious of such activities and develop the special capability to
abstain from them at other times also.
One of the most dangerous things that constantly threaten to undermine harmonious collective living is one’s tongue.
When we are in our homes or in our workplaces, we are deeply engrossed in our personal aff airs. We forget the realities that exist beyond these levels. That is why people are encouraged to go to mosques every day to pray — so that for at least some time they come out of their personal environments, free their minds from irrelevant aff airs, and focus, with deep concentration, on God. Travelling for Haj is also like this. During Haj, one is taken out of one’s limited environment and is taken to various places in Arabia over a period of several days. In this way, Haj removes one completely from one’s worldly environment so that one can completely concentrate on God.
There are several religious traditions associated with Arabia. The Kabah is in Arabia — and a great many religious traditions, accumulated over several thousand years, are associated with it. Stories of the sacrifi ces of prophets have been written here. Here are memorials testifying to the divine blessings received by pious servants of God. Here are also signs of the lives of God’s last prophet and his companions.
The ihram worn in Haj is a practical expression of the Islamic principle of human equality.
Historical connections of this sort have given the places associated with Haj a unique sanctity and respect. As soon as one enters this area, an entire religious history comes to life in one’s mind and one’s religious spirit is enkindled. One begins to abide by one’s religious duties with greater seriousness and commitment. Because of the special historical importance of this area, God selected it to be an arena where people come to rehearse the Islamic way of life, so that when they go back to where they came from they can be better equipped and inspired to lead God-oriented lives.
Among the things that are forbidden while on Haj are hurting anyone through one’s tongue and killing or wounding any animal. One is also to abstain from certain comforts and indulgences, such as wearing stitched clothes, using perfume and engaging in sexual relations.
Being Careful While Speaking
One of the most dangerous things that constantly threaten to
undermine harmonious collective living is one’s tongue. The greatest
hurt you can do to someone is through your tongue. Vast numbers of
people gather together on the occasion of Haj, and hence situations
which hold the possibility that people may lose control over their
tongues and use them to hurt others. So, the training and instruction
of being especially watchful of what one says is given emphasis to by
people during Haj. Although not hurting others in words is an Islamic
value during all times, during the Haj, it is made a mandatory condition.
It is made into a necessary part of an Islamic act of worship, despite
it being a general Islamic teaching that applies at other times, too.
The Prophet said that he who performs Haj in such a way that others are safe from his tongue and hands, will have all the sins that he has committed till then, forgiven.
If we speak something indecent, it can hurt others. So also when we say bad and disrespectful things about others. It isn’t good to speak harshly, too. All these things are totally forbidden while on Haj. In this way, people will appreciate the need to abstain from such speech at other times as well, when they return to their homes after Haj.
Abstaining From Violence and Aggression
After donning the ihram, it is forbidden for pilgrims to hunt animals.
Also forbidden for the pilgrim are accepting as a gift, the meat of
animals that have been hunted, plucking the feathers of birds, assisting
others in hunting, giving someone a knife to slaughter an animal that
has been hunted and so on. All these are forbidden.
During Haj, one can kill a pest or an animal such as a snake, and also the sacrifi cial animal that is part of the Haj rituals. But besides these, it is strictly forbidden for the pilgrim not only to kill but also to hurt any animal. Hunting animals under normal conditions is allowed. However, during Haj, this is completely forbidden.
A true believer is one whose life is driven not by lust, but, rather, by a higher purpose.
This, in actual fact, is reiteration, in a stronger sense, of a general commandment of the Islamic law. Humans are expected not to kill fellow humans or to torment animals. These are general shariah laws that every Muslim is expected to follow at all times. But during Haj, these laws are expanded to include a ban on hunting. In this way, the pilgrim experiences a heightened awareness of these laws, and so when he returns to his home after Haj he will be more mindful in observing them. He will also become more mindful at all times not to oppress others.
A Life of Self-Control
A concise way of describing the Islamic way of life is to say that it is a
life of self-control. The various controls and the code of discipline that
one is expected to observe during Haj can be seen as a training for such a way of life. This is reflected in the hadith report that we earlier
quoted, in which the Prophet said that he who performs the Haj in a
way that Muslims are safe from his tongue and his hands will have all
his earlier sins forgiven.
So, while performing Haj the pilgrim must be very careful not to hurt anyone with his tongue and his hands — by his words and deeds. In this way, his earlier sins can be forgiven. The Haj where all of a person’s sins are forgiven, is the Haj after which the haji returns with such a tongue and such hands.
Avoiding Self-Importance
During Haj, luxuries and indulgences are discouraged. Haj begins with
the donning of the ihram — which is a very simple white dress. Every
pilgrim must wear the ihram. It is, in a sense, a dress that denotes
humility and simplicity. It is an announcement, in a way, through
which God teaches His servants that all of them are equal. Outwardly
or external things, on the basis of which people claim superiority or
inferiority vis-à-vis others, are all hollow and false in the eyes of God.
The Prophet said that he who performs Haj in such a way that others are safe from his tongue and his hands, will have all the sins that he has committed till then, forgiven.
God sees everyone with the same eyes. It is like during Haj, when vast numbers of people, wearing the same sort of dress, appear to be identical to each other. It is as if the ihram worn in Haj is a practical expression of the Islamic principle of human equality. Those who truly want to become dutiful servants of God must remove every other ‘dress’ and, instead, don the same divine ‘dress’.
The Prophet was asked who a haji is, and to this he replied, ‘Unkempt hair, dusty clothing.’ These words describe a true pilgrim. Unkempt hair and dusty clothing are symbolic of a man with purpose. When a person devotes himself with total seriousness to a certain cause, he will have no time for lavish grooming and beautifi cation. During Haj, voluntarily abstaining from such activities is an instruction in leading a purposeful life. This means that we should immerse ourselves so deeply in the Divine cause that we lose all concern with the temptations of the external world and forget all temporary enjoyments. In seeking higher purposes, we should forget our own personal desires and demands. While referring to Haj, the Quran says:
Make provision for yourselves — but surely, the best of all
provision is God-consciousness. Always be mindful of Me, you
that are endowed with understanding.
THE QURAN 2: 197
In pre-Islamic Arabia, it was thought that making material provision for Haj refl ected a materialistic outlook. If a person did not make such arrangements and set out for Haj, it was thought that he was very pious. Such a person would say about himself that he relied only on God. But the Quran does not consider this sort of external or exhibitionist religiosity as true piety. Religiosity has to do with the heart and mind, not with external demonstrations of this sort. True piety is not the mere lacking of material provision; it is a cleansing of the mind and heart of the fear of everything and everyone other than God.
Make Amends
There are different kinds of bad deeds,
but no matter what kind of bad deed
you have committed, after each one you
should feel repentant and try to erase
the eff ects of your bad deed
by doing a good deed.
The fact is that every bad deed you commit
can pollute your soul. Cleanse it by your tears, or
by some other kind of penitent behaviour.